"[4], A 1927 City Club of Portland report labeled the waterway "filthy and ugly", and identified the City of Portland as the worst offender. The Chinook territory encompassed the lower Columbia River valley and significant stretches of the Pacific coast on both the north and the south side of the Columbia's mouth. The Steel Bridge is "believed to be the world's only double-lift span that can raise its lower deck independently of the upper deck. [26] In 1993, the Scotts Mills earthquake—the largest recent earthquake in the valley, measuring 5.6 on the Richter scale—was centered near Scotts Mills, about 34 miles (55 km) south of Portland. It carries Oregon Route 43 over the river at about RM 26 (RK 42) between Oregon City and West Linn. Flowing northward between the Oregon Coast Range and the Cascade Range, the river and its tributaries form the Willamette Valley, a basin that contains two-thirds of Oregon's population, including the state capital, Salem, and the state's largest city, Portland, which surrounds the Willamette's mouth at the Columbia. "[107], The Broadway Bridge, slightly downstream of the Steel Bridge, was the world's longest double-leaf bascule drawbridge at the time of its construction in 1913. Reset Overlays. [14] The highest flow recorded at this station was 420,000 cubic feet per second (11,893 m3/s) on February 9, 1996, during the Willamette Valley Flood of 1996, and the minimum was 4,200 cubic feet per second (120 m3/s) on July 10, 1978. [133] An Associated Press journalist reported, "The river crested at one town after another—at Corvallis 3½ feet above flood stage, Oregon City 18 feet above, Portland 10.5 feet above—much like a meal moving through a boa constrictor. [39], Around the year 1850, the Kalapuya numbered between 2,000 and 3,000 and were distributed among several groups. They are the Buena Vista Ferry between Marion County and Polk County south of Independence and Salem, the Wheatland Ferry between Marion County and Polk County north of Salem and Keizer, and Canby Ferry in Clackamas County north of Canby. [46][71][85][88][89] In addition, a relatively small of amount of the water stored in the reservoirs is used for irrigation. [27] It caused $30 million in damage, including harm to the Oregon State Capitol in Salem. By this time, about 15 people had died as a result of the flooding, and about 8,000 had been forced to evacuate their homes. [5][32], Sixty-four percent of the watershed is privately owned, while 36 percent is publicly owned. [58], After Portland was incorporated in 1851, quickly growing into Oregon's largest city, Oregon City gradually lost its importance as the economic and political center of the Willamette Valley. If you unfold a map of Oregon, the Willamette National Forest takes the shape of a sprawling evergreen patch to the east of the Willamette Valley — the lush heart of a state where conifer forests carpet nearly half the landscape. [15], The river below Willamette Falls, 26.5 miles (42.6 km) from the mouth, is affected by semidiurnal tides,[16] and gauges have detected reverse flows (backwards river flows) below Ross Island at RM 15 (RK 24). The Willamette Valley is 150 miles of rolling hills, historic towns and rich velvety wine! In 1855, Joel Palmer, an Oregon legislator, negotiated a treaty with the Willamette Valley tribes, who, although unhappy with the treaty, ceded their lands to non-natives. Elsewhere on the main stem, numerous minor flow-regulation structures force the river into a narrower and deeper channel to facilitate navigation and flood control. Upper-river tribes caught steelhead and salmon, often by building weirs across tributary streams. [146], Since pollution concerns are primarily along the lower river, the Willamette in general scores relatively high on the Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI), which is compiled by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Two trails from the Filbert Grove Day-use Area lead to a beach with a gravel bar popular for launching kayaks. Begin up Eaton Canyon Trail from Eaton Canyon Natural Area Park and Nature Center, which is located just off Altadena Drive and is a place you might go to walk a dog or push around a stroller with big serious wheels.The easy paths draw many visitors to the park for just that purpose. These included the Kalapuya, the Chinook, and the Clackamas. Laenen, Antonius; Dunnette, David A. Disclaimer. [131], —Associated Press, February 10, 1996[132], In February 1996, heavy warm rains driven by a subtropical jet stream fell on a deep snowpack in the Willamette watershed. It was incorporated in 1844, becoming the first city west of the Rocky Mountains to have that distinction. There are plenty of opportunities for rock collecting not far away from the large cities of the Willamette Valley. There is a lot more than wine tasting & tours in Willamette Valley Oregon. For the wine lovers on your list, you’re in luck. The pelts of these animals commanded substantial prices in either the United States, Canada or eastern Asia, because of their "thick, luxurious and water-repellent" qualities. [13] Filling the Willamette basin to depths of 400 feet (120 m) in the Portland region, each flood created a temporary lake, Lake Allison, that stretched from Lake Oswego to near Eugene. Levees were constructed along the river in most urban areas, and Portland built concrete walls to protect its downtown sector. The construction of large federal dams on the Willamette's tributaries between 1941 and 1969 damaged the spawning grounds for spring Chinook salmon and steelhead. [37] The territory of the Clackamas encompassed the northeastern portion of the basin, including the Clackamas River (with which their name is shared). [19], Basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group, from eruptions in eastern Oregon, flowed across large parts of the northern half of the basin about 15 million years ago. This led to competition for business among steam portage companies. [147] The Willamette River's water quality is rated excellent near the source, though it gradually declines to fair near the mouth. Beginning in the 1850s, steamboats began to ply the Willamette, despite the fact that they could not pass Willamette Falls. [4], Shortly after he was elected in 1966, Governor Tom McCall ordered water quality tests on the Willamette, conducted his own research on the water quality, and became head of the Oregon State Sanitary Authority. [85] The locks at Willamette Falls were completed in 1873. Since 1900, more than 15 large dams and many smaller ones have been built in the Willamette's drainage basin, 13 of which are operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Visitor Map. [26], The Willamette River drains a region of 11,478 square miles (29,730 km2), which is 12 percent of the total area of Oregon. [45], The Willamette River first appears in the records of outsiders in 1792, when it was seen by British Lieutenant William Robert Broughton of the Vancouver Expedition, led by George Vancouver. You can splurge in Newberg, where 12 independent shops in the charming, walkable downtown area show off their locally made gifts next to local eateries and coffee spots. The Willamette Valley (/ w ɪ ˈ l æ m ɪ t /) is a 150-mile (240 km) long valley in Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.The Willamette River flows the entire length of the valley, and it is surrounded by mountains on three sides – the Cascade Range to the east, the Oregon Coast Range to the west, and the Calapooya Mountains to the south. (1997). [11] At Willamette Falls, between West Linn and Oregon City, the river plunges about 40 feet (12 m). [19] The initial trough-like configuration was created about 35 million years ago[13] as a forearc basin while the Pacific Plate subducted beneath the North American Plate. Visiting a lookout tower on the Willamette can be a great way to learn forest history and see the mountains and woods in a new way.. Huckleberry Lookout is an easy half mile hike with terrific views of the surrounding mountains.To make reservations, call the Middle Fork Ranger District at 541-782-2283. Storms caused a major flood that swelled the Willamette and other rivers in the Pacific Northwest from December 1964 through January 1965, submerging nearly 153,000 acres (620 km2) of land. [93] Since then, work has proceeded slowly, and the Corps, citing engineering difficulties and cost, may not meet the original agreed-upon deadline of 2023 for a system of effective remedies. [2] The gradient is slightly steeper from the source to Albany than it is from Albany to Oregon City. ; Norman, James B. The water trail system is meant to protect and restore waterways in the United States and enhance recreation on and near them. [46] From the 18th to the mid-19th century, much of the Pacific Northwest and most of its rivers were involved in the fur trade, in which fur trappers (mostly French-Canadians working for the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company, which later merged) hunted for beaver and sea otter on rivers, streams, and coastlines. [19] They covered the Tualatin Mountains (West Hills), most of the Tualatin Valley, and the slopes of hills further south, with up to 1,000 feet (300 m) of lava. "Chapter 13: Columbia River Basin" in. [67], Between 1879 and 1885, the Willamette River was charted by Cleveland S. Rockwell, a topographical engineer and cartographer for the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey. Near its mouth north of downtown Portland, the river splits into two channels that flow around Sauvie Island. The channel forms the primary navigational conduit for Portland's harbor and riverside industrial areas. [55] John McLoughlin, a Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) official, was one of the major contributors to the founding of the town in 1829. Forests to the east in the Cascade Range include Pacific silver fir as well as western hemlock and western red cedar. Thirteen of these dams were built from the 1940s through the 1960s to be operated by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE),[86][87] and 11 of those produce hydropower. [125], Although the Willamette was, by the mid-20th century, heavily engineered and controlled by a complex system of dams, channels, and barriers, it experienced severe floods through the end of the century. Communities along the main stem include Springfield and Eugene in Lane County; Harrisburg in Linn County; Corvallis in Benton County; Albany in Linn and Benton counties; Salem in Marion County; Newberg in Yamhill County; Oregon City, West Linn, Milwaukie, and Lake Oswego in Clackamas County; and Portland in Multnomah and Washington counties. Water Master Plan; Water Services; To Start Water, Sewer and Stormwater Service; Annual Water Quality Report; Water Management Plan; Parks & Facilities Division. [74] The Oregon State Legislature established the program in 1967. 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